Introduction. The presence of asbestos-containing aerosols in the workplace is one of the main occupational carcinogenic risks in the world. In view of the absence of registered cases of occupational diseases related to exposure to asbestos dust in the Republic of Belarus, it is relevant to study morbidity with temporary disability and to assess occupational health risks using these data.

The aim of the study is to determine the characteristics of the dynamics and structure of the morbidity with temporary disability and the assessment of occupational health risks for workers exposed to aerosols containing chrysotile in the building materials manufacturing.

Materials and methods. The studies were carried out on the basis of a workshop for the production of asbestos-cement products based on chrysotile. An in-depth analysis of the morbidity with temporary disability was conducted over a four-year period. The influence of the gender, age, and experience composition of groups on the levels of the morbidity with temporary disability was evaluated using standardized indicators. The assessment of the production conditionality of morbidity was carried out in a comparative analysis with the control group (workshop for the production of blocks made of cellular concrete and composite materials), national indicators and indicators of the construction materials industry. The risk assessment was carried out using the occupational risk index calculated based on the relative risk index and the total coefficient of working conditions.

Results. The dynamics of the overall intensive indicators of morbidity with temporary disability in the study group shows a tendency to decrease due to a decrease in labor losses in the class of “Respiratory Diseases”, however, the duration of 1 case increases. The overall average long-term indicators of temporary disability are significantly higher in the control group. However, the incidence rates for the class of endocrine diseases, diseases of the circulatory system and diseases of the digestive system are significantly higher in the study group. The average long-term morbidity rates of the study group do not have statistically significant differences with national and industry indicators. Standardization of general indicators of morbidity by gender, age and experience does not change their ratio, but the incidence rates differ in different age, experience and gender groups. The occupational risk index for employees of the asbestos cement products workshop is estimated as average, and the level of occupational health losses of employees is 33.7% (significant, class 3) in the study group and 45.7% (high, class 4) in the control group.

Conclusions. Morbidity with temporary disability of workers exposed to chrysotile asbestos dust does not differ significantly from the national and industry levels, and in comparison with the control group shows lower indicators; the level of occupational health risk of workers exposed to chrysotile asbestos is significant; the highest incidence rates are registered in young and least trained employees of the workshop of asbestos — cement products, and by gender-in men, which should be taken into account when planning preventive measures.

Introduction. Chemical factors in production conditions are sources of constant danger of health disorders, including immunological ones, in employees of a ferrous metallurgy enterprise with a full cycle of ferrovanadium production.

The aim of the study was to assess the level of membrane, intracellular and intercellular immunoregulation indicators in employees of the ferrous metallurgy enterprise under conditions of excessive vanadium contamination.

Materials and methods. 77 people working in various production conditions at the metallurgical enterprise were examined, including 44 people-employees of the Ferroalloy shop and duplex shop exposed to vanadium; 33 people who do not have professional contact with vanadium (administrative staff). The technology of flow cytometry was used to study and evaluate the immunoregulation parameters of membrane — CD25+, CD95+ and intracellular — p53, as well as the method of enzyme immunoassay of intercellular — TNFa.

Results. It was found that those working on exposure to vanadium in the blood are higher than the reference values and the values established for working outside the exposure. For workers exposed to vanadium under the production conditions, the blood vanadium content is statistically significant (p<0.001), 3.2 times higher than the reference level and 5.2 times higher than the values obtained for workers who do not have professional contact with vanadium. It was found that the expression of CD25⁺-marker and CD95⁺-marker was statistically significantly increased (p<0.001) on average by 1.5 times compared to the values obtained in the subjects who were not exposed to vanadium. It was found that the expression of p53 and TNFa was statistically significantly reduced (p<0.001) (on average by 6 times) in relation to the values obtained in those working outside of contact with vanadium.

Conclusions. It was found that immune dysregulation is associated with an increased content of vanadium in the blood of workers exposed to industrial factors. Employees of the ferrous metallurgy enterprise under conditions of excessive vanadium contamination have an imbalance of membrane (CD4⁺CD25⁺, CD3⁺CD95⁺), intracellular (p53) and intercellular (TNFa) immunoregulation indicators. In the process of adaptation of the body to the effects of harmful factors of the industrial environment, an important role belongs to immunoregulatory mechanisms, the study and evaluation of which can be used for early identification of immune system dysfunction in order to form the prevention of negative health effects caused or mediated by chemical factors.

Introduction. Research on the health status of workers in various sectors of the economy of the Republic of Bashkortostan (RB) shows an increase in premature mortality of people of working age in the workplace from general diseases. A few works on this topic are devoted to determining the damage that this causes to the economy in territorial and sectoral terms. A new aspect of the study is the economic assessment of losses from deaths that are sudden in nature, occur in the workplace, and are classified in the investigation as an accident not related to production.

The aim of the study is to perform an economic assessment of the damage caused by sudden death in the workplace due to industrial accidents with a fatal outcome from general diseases in organizations of the leading sectors of the economy of the RB.

Materials and methods. The economic assessment of the damage caused by sudden death in the workplace due to total diseases among employees in the leading sectors of the economy of the RB is based on the following data: the average annual number of employees in the economy by type of economic activity (TEA); gross regional product in basic prices; the average monthly nominal accrued wages of employees of foreign trade organizations; the number of fatalities in the workplace due to total diseases; the number of working years lost due to the occurrence of an employee’s premature death. Damage in the context of the leading sectors of the region’s economy, as well as the total amount of damage for 2014-2018 were calculated in a tabular way. The results were processed using the MS Excel package.

Results. The greatest damage from industrial accidents with fatal results from total diseases was observed in the manufacturing industry. For 2017-2018, the amount of damage in terms of under-produced gross regional product in the leading sectors of the economy amounted to 102.37 million rubles. The total amount of economic damage for 2014-2018, calculated on the basis of the average monthly nominal accrued wages, for all foreign trade activities amounted to 231.574 million rubles. According to this indicator, the amount of damage from industrial accidents with a fatal outcome from total diseases increased from 35.233 million rubles (2014) to 63.793 million rubles (2018), i.e. by 1.8 times.

Conclusions. To reduce the amount of economic damage and prevent labor losses, measures to prevent sudden deaths from total diseases in the workplace, especially in enterprises with a high value of this indicator, have the greatest effect. The data obtained can be used in planning investments in prevention programs to prevent and reduce the risk of sudden death from general diseases in the workplace.

Introduction. The formation and prevalence of chronic diseases are associated with lifestyle characteristics and risk factors. The leading place in the prevention of chronic diseases is given to measures aimed at the formation of a healthy lifestyle (HLS). Active promotion of healthy lifestyle among the population, timely detection, correction and control of risk factors can significantly reduce the frequency of new cases of chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCD) and their complications. The components of prevention are influenced by the characteristics and conditions of life of the population, as well as the type of professional activity.

The aim of the study is to assess the occurrence of behavioral risk factors, medical awareness and treatment adherence in medical workers of the city clinical hospital (CCH).

Materials and methods. The open, single-stage, comparative, non-randomized study included 208 medical professionals aged 56 (41; 64) years (82 doctors and 126 nurses). The comparison group consisted of 127 people aged 52 (43; 61) years who did not have a medical profession. Physical examination, assessment of anamnesis, behavioral risk factors, and treatment adherence were performed using the “Questionnaire for assessing risk factors for CNCD in CCH employees”, developed for the questionnaire.

Results. 56 (26.9%) medical staff and 29 (22.8%) people in the comparison group smoked, 98 (47.1%) medical staff and 70 (55.1%) people in the comparison group drink alcohol. Obesity (23.6%) prevailed among medical professionals compared to participants in the comparison group (7.9%), p<0.001. Every day, more than 300 g of vegetables and fruits are consumed by 92 (44.2%) health workers and 59 (46.4%) people in the comparison group, 68 (32.7%) health workers and 47 (37%) people in the comparison group add salt to their food. 110 (52.8%) health workers and 88 (69.3%) people in the comparison group led an active lifestyle. Low adherence to treatment was observed in 162 (77.9%) medical professionals and 102 (80.3%) people in the comparison group. Factors associated with high medical awareness were the presence of a family in the health worker (OR 3.22, 95% CI; 1.78-5.81; p=0.001) and high adherence to treatment (OR 3.19, 95% CI; 1.52-6.71; p=0.002); factors that increase adherence to treatment — female gender (OR 3.24, 95% CI; 1.18-8.85; p=0.022), active lifestyle (OR 3.69, 95% CI; 1.75-7.77; p=0.001), family (or 2.29, 95% CI; 1.18-4.46; p=0.015) and young age (OR 2.37, 95% CI; 1.06-5.28; p=0,035).

Conclusions. There is a high prevalence of behavioral risk factors, low medical awareness and adherence to treatment among the medical staff of the CCH, which requires the need to correct these factors.

The purpose of the review is to identify the effects of natural aging processes and accompanying age-related diseases on the personal labor potential of a person in modern conditions of socio-economic development.

Personal labor potential is subject to the processes of natural biological aging. Improvements in living conditions and advances in health care lead to an increase in the proportion of the elderly in the population structure, but these same processes can reduce the rate of individual aging, the risks of age-related diseases and death. The aging process reduces overall viability, which is accompanied by an increased risk of age-related chronic diseases. For these diseases, personal risk levels should be assessed, and preventive measures should be taken in a timely manner. There are risk markers for various diseases that increase in frequency with age, as well as markers of increased overall mortality. The assessment of individual aging is based on indicators of biological age, which should be considered to assess personal labor potential.

A limited number of physiological methods are used in a sample of 566 studies related to the use of passive industrial exoskeletons of the back and lower extremities. Electromyography is used most often (~56%). In most cases, the meaning of using physiological methods is conceptually related to the assessment of reducing the load on the muscles, studying the parameters of motor activity in a person in an exoskeleton. The study of the gentral influences caused by the use of this type of device remains a little-used direction.

Remote electrocardiographic techniques were used in outpatient departments of the city clinical hospital (CCH) and the Central district hospital (CDH).

The CDH performed 18,654 electrocardiographic studies (ECS). The automatic conclusion of devices was corrected by specialists of functional diagnostics (FD). In complex cases, an in — depth analysis was performed- an electrocardiogram of 12 leads (ECD -12) — using vectorcardiography (VCD). Pathological ECD syndromes were detected in 5038 individuals (27%). Among the obtained number of ECSs with abnormalities, the most frequently detected were: right leg block ( RLB) — 1029 (20.4%), left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) — 981 (19.4%), left leg block — 661 (13%), myocardial scarring — 442 (8.7%), extrasystole — 377 (7.4%), atrial fibrillation-310 (6%). The method of VCD was able to clarify 39% of cases of LVH, 40% of cases of focal scarring of the myocardium, and 92% of matches for atrial fibrillation (AF). The use of VCD supplemented the diagnostic capabilities of the remote ECD-12.

According to the results of AF screening by remote single-channel ECD, 69 cases with AF (3.2%) of the total number of examined patients (2,146 people) were detected in the CCH. When analyzing the history, it was clarified that 24 (34.7%) patients had AF for the first time, and 45 (65.3%) individuals had a history of AF.

Remote long-term Holter ECD monitoring system (LTHECD) 27 studies were performed in 20 individuals. Complex, combined heart rhythm disorders were detected in 85%, and ST-T depression was detected in three cases (15%).

Using new electrocardiographic techniques in addition to single-channel ECD, ECD-12 improves the quality of diagnostics of cardiovascular diseases (CVD).

The frequency of professional lumbosacral radiculopathy (PLR) in employees of the agro-industrial complex (AIC) of the Saratov region for the period 2008-2018 was studied. The dynamics and features of PCR detection are analyzed, and possible social trends affecting the detection of the disease are considered. Against the background of a general decrease in the number of cases of occupational diseases in the agricultural sector of the Saratov region over the past 11 years, there has been a trend towards a decrease in cases of professional PCR, which implies, on the one hand, an improvement in treatment and rehabilitation activities carried out in this direction, on the other hand, reflects the socio-economic realities of recent years.

Full vibration acceleration, as an estimated and normalized parameter of the vibration characteristics of machines and vibration acting on a person, is used to regulate the effect of vibration in the regulatory documents of the European Union (EU). In Russian practice, the maximum «corrected vibration acceleration» measured for each direction of the basicentric coordinate system is used for these purposes. Both evaluation principles are compared using examples of vibration measurements from various sources for the maximum safe duration of vibration in typical operating conditions of vibroactive equipment. For vibration exposures from most manual machines, vehicles and transport and technological machines, the assessment of vibration exposures under Directive 2002/44 / EU will in almost all cases be more «rigid» than under SanPiN 2.2.4.3359-16.

An experimental study of energy-dependent reactions of native rabbit kidney mitochondria under the adverse effect of various modes of general vertical vibration was conducted.

Energy-dependent reactions of native mitochondria of the cortical layer of the rabbit kidney before and after exposure to general vibration with a frequency of 8 and 44 Hz for 7, 21 and 56 sessions of 60 minutes, they were studied by polarographic method using a closed Clark-type membrane electrode. Various metabolic states of mitochondria were modeled in vitro by introducing exogenous energy substrates (succinic, glutamic, and malic acids) into the polarographic cell with tissue homogenate before and after the addition of the oxidative phosphorylation disconnector 2,4-dinitrophenol. The contribution to the endogenous respiratory activity of mitochondria of NAD — and FAD-dependent substrates was evaluated according to inhibitory analysis with amital or malonate.

The rate of endogenous respiration on the background of 8 Hz vibration ranged from 8.13±1.4 to 14.1±1.8 (ng-atom o) min-1mg-1, significantly differing from the same indicator of control animals after 56 sessions of vibration. Inhibitor analysis showed that vibration with a frequency of 44 Hz in the same time period caused an increase in malonatosensitivity by 40% (p<0.05) with its subsequent decrease below the control level, indicating the beginning of suppression of succinate-dependent bioenergetics.

The oxidation of exogenous NAD-dependent substrates (malic and glutamic acids) is suppressed regardless of the frequency of vibration, while the rate of oxidation of exogenous succinic acid increases by 45% (p<0.05) after 21 sessions of 44 Hz vibration, decreasing to the end of 56 sessions of vibration. Similar changes were observed in the disconnected state of the respiratory chain of mitochondria, as evidenced by multidirectional high-amplitude fluctuations of the VJ-p index in the range of 50-60% relative to the control level after 7, 21 and 56 sessions of vibration exposure.

It was found that the imbalance between the functional activity of FAD-and NAD-dependent links of the respiratory chain of mitochondria depends on the frequency and duration of vibration, indicates the development of bioenergetic hypoxia and is accompanied by morphohistological signs of glomerulopathy of exudative intra- and extra-capillary type.