The authors analysed data of epidemiologic situation concerning prevalence of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Russian Federation. Risk of the infection is maximal in laboratory workers. The article covers data of comparative analysis of epidemiologic well-being with diagnosed cases of occupational tuberculosis. Conclusions are better epidemiologic situation due to interactions with epidemiologic and sanitary services. Over the studied period, bone and joints tuberculosis and urinary tract tuberculosis appeared to be more epidemiologically important. Dynamics of occupational extrapulmonary tuberculosis cases are presented. Among all types of occupational extrapulmonary tuberculosis, bone and joints tuberculosis and lymphatic node tuberculosis were prevailing.

The author analysed importance of chronic sleep disorders for workers’ health and determined their relationships with occupational and non-occupational psycho-emotional stress. The studies covered 1709 females and 1147 males — industrial workers and medical staffers. To study chronic sleep disorders and psycho-emotional stress, the author used special questionnaire and in some cases — data of morbidity registration and working load characteristics (work intensity and working hours per week). Findings are that frequent (3 or more times per week) sleep disorders cause more frequent and long general diseases, increased risk of health deterioration over last year, intense weakness at work and chronic fatigue syndrome. Higher working load is a main factor of occupationally conditioned psycho-emotional stress.

The authors analysed clinical and radiologic signs in 32 silicotuberculosis patients who equalled to 12.6% of 252 pneumoconiosis patients observed in pulmonology hospital. Among the silicituberculosis patients, the diagnosis was primary in 88% (28/32). In other cases, tuberculosis was a complication of previously diagnosed silicosis (2/32), or silicosis developed on background of formerly inactive tuberculosis (2/32). The silicotuberculosis was presented mostly with local forms of tuberculosis (56%, 18/32) and nodular+nodular interstitial forms of silicosis (66%, 21/32). Changed respiratory function was seen in 63% (20/32) of the patients, with prevailing (41%, 13/32) obstructive type disorders. Follow-up during 2.4×0.4 years revealed lower diffusion ability of lungs and pulmonary hypertension and corpulmonale formation according to echocardiography — that could result from progression both of silicosis and meta-tuberculous pneumofi brosis. Suggestions are to monitor diffusion ability of lungs and echocardiographic parameters for evaluation of silicotuberculosis progression degree.

The author analysed activities of executive authorities of Russian Federation in governmental control and administrative supervision in workers’ health preservation sphere. Definition included common subject and object of legal regulation for various types of governmental control and supervision. The article covers directions of governmental management of workers’ health, and analysis of characteristic delinquency structure and dynamics of suppressing violations of mandatory requirements, encroaching on workers’ health from employers and medical institutions. The author revealed features of executive authorities activity in risk-oriented approach. The conclusion concerns suggestions on improvement of governmental management of workers’ health to minimize risks of health damage at workplace.

The authors studied dynamics of transitory disablement morbidity in shipbuilders with small length of service, using annual increase of health risk parameters and comparing these parameters with those in the workers with longer length of service. Over 10 years, the observation covered demographic characteristics, health state (transitory disablement morbidity, medical examination data) and work conditions of workers, specialists and authorities of major shipbuilding enterprise. Overall amount of the observations of transitory disablement morbidity equalled to 15995 human-hours. Annual increase of health risk is the most adequate and necessary criteria in risk-oriented approach to evaluation and forecasting of occupational hazards’ influence on workers’ health. Hazard degree of work conditions in workers with 1–4 years of service in higher than that in the same occupation workers with longer length of service. Maximal values of transitory disablement morbidity are seen on 4th year of service. Optimal range of service for transitory disablement morbidity analysis is 1–2 years interval for hazard degree 4, 1–3 years for hazard degree 3, 1–4 years for hazard degree 2, and 1–10 years for hazard degree 1.

To reveal risk factors of overweight, the authors examined 841 miners of underground copper-nickel mine. Overweight was seen in 42.9%, obesity in 17.7% of the examinees. Obesity risk is determined by age at least 30–34 years (OR = 1.49; DI 1.00–2.23), length of service on the enterprise at least 6–10 years (OR = 1.32; DI 1.06–1.64), female sex compared to male (OR = 1.87; DI 1.25–2.80), work hardiness of 3.1 class vs. 3.2 class (OR = 1.39; DI 1.00–1.95). No evidence support that the obesity was influenced by any separate mining occupation. Conclusion is necessity of scientifically justified correction of miners’ diet considering its calory content and energy expenditure in modern technologies of raw materials extraction.

The studies covering air quality in one of public buildings (office rooms) put into use evaluated levels of the most frequent pollutants (ammonia, phenol, formaldehyde and benzene) and necessitated to specify regulation of extent and conditions of examination before putting objects into use. Existing regulatory and methodic documents on microclimate require harmonization and are oriented to mandatory maintenance only of allowed parameters of microclimate — that severely affects work conditions of office staffers. The authors revealed main problems of microclimate regulation, compared national and international experiences, necessitated to direct efforts in offices on optimal microclimate parameters corresponding to comfort zone of international norms.

Every year, users of personal computers, smartphones and other electronic devices during occupational activities and everyday life increase in number — that causes stable fatigue of visual analyzer. The article presents results of study concerning functional state of visual analyzer after preventive measures using low intensity laser radiation. Findings are that the method removing visual fatigue acts not only on retina, but also on eye accomodation apparatus. Applying this method in individuals long using various electronic devices prevents myopia and can serve as prophylactic measure in practical medicine.

The study covered 401 tunellers/drillers (first group) and 691 maintenance fitter (second group) of underground mines in Transpolar Kola peninsula. Findings are that morbidity structure in the first group, if compared to that of the second one, contained a larger share of locomotory diseases (51.9% and 31.1%) and nervous system diseases (8.2% and 3.3%, p < 0.001). Locomotory system diseases prevalence per 100 workers was 2.55 times higher (189.8 and 74.4 cases), that for nervous system diseases  — 3.74 times (29.9 and 8.0 cases). Lower importance in the tunellers/drillers group was seen for respiratory diseases (8.9% and 11.4%, p<0.02), cardiovascular diseases (5.7% and 13.0%, p<0.001), digestive system diseases (5.3% and 7.6%, p<0.01), eye disorders (9.7% and 18.2%, p<0.001) and endocrine system diseases (2.7% and 5.5%, p<0.001). Risk of all health disorders in the tunellers/drillers was higher than in the maintenance fitters (OR=1.11; DI 1.07–1.15), including locomotory system diseases (OR=1.82; DI 1.42–2.32) and nervous system diseases (OR=2.80; DI 1.26–6.21), it appears since 6–10 years of service. Conclusion is of necessity to further improvement of work conditions and to conduct sanitation measures since first years of miners’ occupational activity, especially for those involved into drilling and tunelling.

Technical modernization of production requires hygienic evaluation of occupational factors at workplaces of coldpressing equipment adjusters, with the equipment evaluation. Production of memorable, jubilee coins and badges requires hi-tech equipment and special attention to the output products quality. The authors assessed air enviornment and occupational environmental factors in coining of non-ferrous articles at workplaces using cold-pressing equipment. Increased concentrations of mineral oils could result in damages of working surface processed and deteriorate the output article quality. Electrostatic field increases the surface damage effect due to absorption of dust particles from ambient air. The recommendations specifi ed enabled to increase quality of the output articles due to removing dust from the air feed and lower accumulation of electrostatic charge on the working surface, reliable grounding of devices.

Problem of assessing risk from laser radiation influence on humans during concerts and shows becomes specially topical. Evidence is that single exposure of eyes to laser radiation in red, green, blue spectral regions by energetic light sources in laser shows, not exceeding MALs, causes short changes of visual fuction in sensitivity to light and color. The article presents results of thorough study of laser radiation intensity in beam section from various projectors, with consideration of distance and exposure time for audience and actors. Findings are that risk of unfavorable influence of laser radiation on humans depends on duration, wave length, distance to human and capacity of the projector used.

The study covered chronic overstrain in personal computer users and revealed statistically significant direct dependence of relative risk value on age and length of service. The time of work on computer is a main factor determining chronic overstrain value. The most efficient method preventing chronic overstrain is breaks in work, concerning both duration and frequency during working day. The authors calculated chronic overstrain indexes according to specified rank algorithms — that enabled to use them for dividing the workers into groups of «healthy» and «diseased».

The article covers results of chronic experiment on evaluating influence of wi-fi equipment electromagnetic fields on behavioral reactions of laboratory animals. The studies were conducted in specially designed half-echo-free shielded room, to exclude direct or indirect influence of other environmental factors. The animals were divided into 3 groups: first and second were exposed to electromagnetic fields of wi-fi equipment; third (reference) group did not experience this exposure. The animals were kept in controlled environmental conditions: air temperature, relative humidity, light, nutrition. Source of electromagnetic field was household router for wireless internet access with continuous load 96–98%. Every laboratory animal weekly performed tests «open field», «T-shaped maze», «forced swimming». Observations during the experiment were changes of behavioral reactions with depressive state development.