Introduction. Pulmonotoxicants are chemicals that cause bronchospasm and damage to the alveolar capillary membrane. Lesions of the respiratory system with pulmonotoxicants in industrial accidents are especially relevant at the present time. Existing methods of treatment for the defeat of pulmonotoxicants and the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are becoming ineffective, therefore, one of the tasks of modern medicine is to develop new methods of treating ARDS. One of these methods may be the creation of a «therapeutic window» by using perfluorocarbon (PFC) liquids. This article will present an experimental assessment of the use of liquid artificial lung ventilation (LALV) PFC liquids on the ARDS lung model.

The study aims to explore the possibility of using liquid artificial lung ventilation to create a therapeutic window in the treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome of a chemical nature.

Materials and methods. The authors conducted a study on male Wistar rats aged 4 months, weighing 180–190 g. Toxic pulmonary edema was caused by endotracheal administration of 0.1 m HCl solution. The anesthetized patients were intubated using a cannula, after which the researchers intratracheally injected 0.1 M HCl solution at a dose of 2 ml/kg, a decrease in saturation below 80 was expected. Then the experts randomized the animals by weight into groups of 6 individuals each. They connected the animals of the control group to a ventilator. The animals of the experimental group were treated with PFC liquids for an hour, then transferred to a ventilator. Perfluorodecalin was used as a PFC liquid. The scientists recorded heart rate, blood oxygen saturation, rectal temperature, life expectancy and overall survival by group.

Results. In the control group, after instillation of 0.1 M HCl solution and connection to a ventilator during the first 25–30 minutes, there was a gradual decrease in SpO₂ to 74.0±5.6% (background — 95.0±3.5%) and an increase in heart rate to 182.0±8.6 beats/min., (background — 278.0±14.8 beats/min.) after which there was decompensation of the animal condition. In animals of the experimental group, after connecting to the LALV device, a sharp decrease in heart rate was recorded during the first 5 minutes to 61.0±8.5 beats/min. In turn, saturation did not change significantly throughout the LALV and was in the range from 95 to 100%. As a result of the experiments, it was noted that the average survival time in the experimental group was 256.0±34.5 minutes, which was significantly (p<0.001) more than 5 times higher than this indicator in the control animals — 45.3±4.3 minutes.

There were no significant changes in the study of rectal temperature in the animals of the control group. In turn, the animals of the experimental group showed a sharp decrease in rectal temperature during the first 30 minutes from the beginning of LALV, on average by 5.8±1.60°С.

As a result of the pathoanatomic autopsy, differences in lung mass coefficients were revealed in different groups. Thus, in the control group and the experimental groups, it was 1.67±0.06 and 2.4±0.045%, respectively.

Conclusion. On the model of ARDS caused by endotracheal administration of 0.1M hydrochloric acid solution, it was shown that living with the use of PFC of low temperature liquids, unlike conventional mechanical ventilation, allows for a long time to maintain a stable condition of animals; evacuate a significant amount of edematous fluid from the lungs and thereby increase the duration of their survival. The data presented above indicate that the use of hypothermic LALV can be used to create a «therapeutic window» for ARDS, including its most severe form — the alveolar stage of toxic pulmonary edema.

Ethics. Studies involving laboratory animals were conducted in compliance with the following regulations: the Helsinki Declaration of 2000 «On humane treatment of animals», Order No. 755 of the Ministry of Health of the USSR dated 08/12/1977 «Rules for carrying out work using experimental animals», Order No. 199n of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation dated 04/01/2016 «On approval of the rules of laboratory practice». The protocol of the study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health. Protocol No. 4 dated May 25, 2022.

Contribution:
Isabekov N.R. — concept and design of research, data collection and processing, text writing;
Tonshin A.A. — concept and design of research, data collection and processing;
Bonitenko E.Yu. — concept and design of the study, editing.

Funding. The work was performed within the Framework of the state assignment, the topic code FGFE-2024-0003.

Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interests.

Received: 05.08.2024 / Accepted: 20.08.2024 / Published: 15.09.2024

Introduction. One of the most important indicators of the health of the working population is the incidence of temporary disability. The statistical data do not take into account the temporary labor migration of the population, which distorts the idea of the morbidity of the permanent population at the level of the subjects of the Russian Federation and municipalities.

The study aims to carry out a comparative assessment of the temporary disability (ТD) level and rating places of the subjects of the Russian Federation on the basis of statistical indicators «Number of cases of TD» and «Number of days of TD» per 100 employees and calculated indicators per 100 employed in the economy.

Materials and methods. The article tells about the use of federal statistical observation data. Specialists have made their own calculations of indicators of the level of temporary disability by the number of cases and days per 100 employed in the economy. A direct ranking was carried out in descending order of all the studied indicators. The authors also conducted a direct ranking in descending order of all the studied indicators and performed a comparative analysis of the rating places of the subjects of the Russian Federation according to the level of temporary disability, according to official statistical data per 100 employees and calculated data per 100 employed.

Results. In almost 30% of the subjects of the Russian Federation, significant changes were detected in 20 or more rating places, both with the shift of regions into groups with higher levels and with lower levels of morbidity.

Limitations. The materials used in this study did not take into account the gender and age characteristics of morbidity.

Conclusion. At the present stage, it is necessary to develop new methodological approaches for the analysis of the temporary disability at the regional and municipal levels, their introduction into the system of social and hygienic monitoring and the system of risk management for public health. The use of the indicator «number of people employed in the economy» to analyze temporary disability at the territorial (regional, municipal) level more accurately reflects the level of morbidity of the permanent population living in the study area.

Ethics. The conclusion of the local Ethics Committee is not required for conducting the study.

Keywords: morbidity with temporary disability; temporary labor migration; employed population

Funding. The study had no funding.

Conflict of interests. The author declares no conflict of interests.

Received: 13.03.2024 / Accepted: 07.05.2024 / Published: 15.09.2024

Introduction. The active use of rare earth elements, including thulium (Tm), in various technological processes increases the risks of health problems associated with the professional activities of the employee.

The purpose of the study is to study the characteristics of the immune profile of workers at a non-ferrous metallurgy enterprise under conditions of contamination of biological media with rare earth elements (using the example of thulium).

Materials and methods. 35 employees of a non-ferrous metallurgy enterprise were examined. The comparison group consisted of workers with the level of thulium concentration in the blood within the reference interval (n=17), the observation group — workers whose blood thulium content was 2 times higher than the upper limit of the reference values (n=18). The content of thulium in biological media (blood) was studied using mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma. Flow cytometry was used to detect Annexin V-FITC⁺7AAD⁺-lymphocytes (late apoptosis/necrosis), enzyme immunoassay — IL6, TNF, general IgE, allergosorbent — specific IgG to lanthanides.

Results. It was found that the workers in the observation group had a 2.3-fold increase in the content of total IgE and a 2.0-fold increase in the expression of specific IgG to lanthanides in relation to the results of the comparison group (p<0.05). It was found that with an excess thulium content in the blood, there is an inhibition of cell death by 15% relative to the values of the comparison group.

Limitations of the study. Limitations of the study relate to the limited sample size.

Ethics. The study protocol was approved by the Biomedical Ethics Committee of the local ethical committee of the Federal Budgetary Institution «FSC MPT URZN» No. 2 dated March 22, 2023. The study was carried out in accordance with the requirements set out in the WMA Declaration of Helsinki «Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects» (1964, 2013). Voluntary informed consent to participate in the study and use of personal data was signed by all participants.

Contribution:
Dolgikh O.V. — development of the research concept, interpretation of data, editing of the manuscript;
Alekseev V.B. — data interpretation, manuscript editing;
Dianova D.G. — development of the concept and design of research, analysis and interpretation of data, writing the text of the manuscript;
Vdovina N.A. — data collection and processing.

Funding. The research was carried out as part of the research work of R&D No. 121081900044-4, reg. No. ICRBS, and had no funding.

Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interests.

Received: 18.06.2024 / Accepted: 02.08.2024 / Published: 15.09.2024

In recent decades, there has been a tendency in the world to decrease the qualitative and quantitative indicators of spermatogenesis, which can lead to a decrease in male fertility up to infertility, and become one of the main reasons for a decrease in the birth rate in the population.

The purpose of the study is to systematize scientific literature data on the influence of chemical production factors on the reproductive health of male workers. The researchers applied the method of analytical review of publications in scientific electronic libraries (Elibrary, MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus) on the effect of chemicals on the reproductive health of working men. The data of epidemiological, clinical and experimental studies are presented, indicating the vulnerability of the reproductive health of working men to the effects of chemicals both in production and in the environment.

During industrial exposure of male workers to a number of organic solvents, the authors revealed reproductive health disorders: changes in sperm motility and morphology, a decrease in qualitative and quantitative parameters of spermatozoa — under the action of glycol esters, acetone; an increase in the period before conception and pregnancy determination in the wives of workers who had contact with trichloro- and tetrachloroethylene; an increase in cell death (apoptosis) and disruption of the life cycle of spermatozoa — when exposed to benzene. During professional exposure to phthalates, scientists have identified a relationship between the level of the substance in the biological environment of the body of workers and a decrease in sperm quality, as well as a change in the ratio of testosterone and estradiol. The mechanism of sperm quality change is based on the action of free radicals, lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial dysfunction. There is a large number of works devoted to the professional effects of lead on the reproductive system of workers, and there is also some data on the effect of other metals — cadmium, mercury, boron, manganese, hexavalent chromium, aluminum on male reproduction. Experimental animal studies confirm the toxic effect of these metals on male gonads.

The main mechanisms of reproductive toxicity of pesticides in men are due to the fact that many pesticides are endocrine disruptors (destroyers), which, acting in the antenatal period or on the adult body, affect the processes of synthesis, secretion, metabolism, binding to hormone receptors that regulate, among other things, reproductive processes.

Researchers have statistically significant data that the presence of major pollutants in the ambient air can affect sperm parameters, their morphology, DNA fragmentation, as well as the level of sex hormones.

The protection of the reproductive health of male workers in the workplace is an urgent problem. It is necessary to further accumulate data and create comprehensive programs to study the reproductive health of male workers in order to develop preventive measures.

Contribution:
Fesenko M.A. — research concept and design, data analysis and interpretation;
Golovaneva G.V. — research concept and design, data analysis and interpretation, text writing, editing;
Miteleva T.Yu. — collecting and processing material, writing text.

Funding. The study had no funding.

Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interests.

Received: 08.07.2024 / Accepted: 02.08.2024 / Published: 15.09.2024

Introduction. The development of occupational health is largely ensured by its comprehensive approach to the study of the «Man–machine–production environment» system, which includes an assessment of many factors characterizing the production system in the action shaping working conditions. However, in the concept of «Working conditions» they are «a set of factors in the working environment and the labor process that influence the performance and health of the employee», that is, they are interpreted statically (as a set...) and passively — without the participation of the employee in shaping the conditions of his work. This is probably why the working conditions are being investigated dose exposures of material factors that do not contribute to the identification of their primary connection with a working person — a connection that forms the result of the actual interaction of material factors with the animate at a certain time in a given workplace, the identification of which is available only to effective exposures of material factors — expositions of a higher level of quality, claiming to have the appropriate quality of rationing – comprehensive, universal, with an expanded scale of assessment of working conditions, and for the first time opens up the possibility of their identification, depending on the state and dynamics of the employee’s health.

In this study, scientists measured and evaluated the effective exposure of one of the most difficult to determine and evaluate the characteristics of the labor severity factor — the «Working posture». The experts gave an assessment in comparison with the traditionally defined basic exposures of the working position in the studied labor processes.

The study aims to increase the accuracy of the hygienic assessment of the severity of work according to the indicator «Working posture» using a modern technique — pangoniometry.

Materials and methods. In three groups of workers (2 car drivers, 10 doctors of clinical laboratory diagnostics and 30 electricians on duty), specialists applied three different methods of studying the working posture, two of which are widely represented in the normative and methodological and scientific literature, and the third was developed by the authors and was called pangoniometric. This technique consisted in drawing up diagrams of working poses, which are the material for measuring with the help of a protractor the limits of fluctuations in the degrees of motion of various parts of the locomotor system in joints. The researchers also measured the actual limits of fluctuations in angular degrees, determined that they exceeded the known optimal limits in areas of increased stress on the joint and the time of its operation in these areas. The authors have carried out statistical processing of the obtained material using the Student’s t-test and the Pearson correlation coefficient.

Results. It was found that the indicator of the effective effect of the forms of working poses obtained by the method of pangoniometry significantly, by 1–2 classes and degrees of harmfulness, clarifies the assessment of the severity of labor in comparison with the indicator of the dose exposure of working poses.

Limitation. There were a small number of car drivers studied — two people.

Conclusion. Pangoniometry is a method of physiological-hygienic and physiological-clinical comprehensive research and assessment of the impact of forms of working postures on health in the labor process. The method clarifies the hygienic assessment of the severity of work according to the indicator «Working posture» by identifying the primary relationship between the load on the joints and their working tension, materializing this important relationship in diagnostic and preventive terms in the indicator of the effective effect of the goniometric index of the working posture. In an indicator that has the property of being a guide to managing working conditions in the workplace by openly modeling elements of not only the material factor, but also the animate interacting with it, represented by the properties of the employee’s body.

Ethics. In preparing the article, the authors were guided by the Ethical principles of medical research set out in the Helsinki Declaration of the World Medical Association in the latest edition.

Contribution:
Ustyantsev S.L. — methodology development, research design, data collection and processing, text writing, editing;
Protasova O.S. — methodology development, research design, data collection and processing, text writing, editing;
Kishka O.V. — methodology development, research design, data collection and processing, text writing, editing;
Danilova M.A. — data collection, processing, formulation of conclusions;
Lipanova L.L. — methodology development, research design, data collection and processing, text writing, editing;
Nasybullina G.M. — methodology development, research design, data collection and processing, text writing, editing;
Kim A.V. — making diagrams of the forms of working poses, their description, hygienic assessment, writing the text;
Reshetova S.V. — making diagrams of the forms of working poses, their description, hygienic assessment, writing the text;
Kutlaeva Yu.Yu. — data collection, processing, formulation of conclusions;
Ankudinova A.V. — data collection, processing, formulation of conclusions;
Babikova A.S. — making sketches of the forms of working poses, their description, hygienic assessment, writing the text;
Popova O.S. — making diagrams of the forms of working poses, their description, hygienic assessment, writing the text;
Khachaturova N.L. — making diagrams of the forms of working poses, their description, hygienic assessment, writing the text;
Malkova T.G. — making diagrams of the forms of working poses, their description, hygienic assessment, writing the text;
Bem L.N. — making diagrams of the forms of working poses, their description, hygienic assessment, writing the text.

Funding. The study had no funding.

Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interests.

Received: 08.07.2024 / Accepted: 31.07.2024 / Published: 15.09.2024

Introduction. Vibration disease (VD) is occupational disease that develops with prolonged exposure to industrial vibration. VD is one of the most common occupational pathologies. This disease is characterized by pathogenetic mechanisms complexity, polymorphic symptoms, chronic course, therapeutic resistance, and often leads to disability of patients. As a rule, changes in the cardiovascular and nervous systems, musculoskeletal system and metabolic processes are observed with VD.

The aim of study was to find associations of polymorphic variants rs1799750 of MMP1 and rs4880 of SOD2 genes with vibration disease.

Materials and methods. 73 people with various forms of VB were examined. The control group consisted of 73 people who were not exposed to vibration in their professional activities. The distribution of polymorphic loci rs1799750 of MMP1 gene and rs4880 of SOD2 gene was studied. Statistical analysis was performed using the IBM SPSS Statistica v.21 and Microsoft Excel software packages.

Results. It was revealed that *d allele of rs1799750 of MMP1 gene associated with VD (p=0.046), but its frequency is lower among VD patients with sensorineural hearing loss compared to VD patients without this syndrome (p=0.035). The frequency of *T/*T genotype and the *T allele of rs4880 is increased among patients with peripheral angiodystonic syndrome of VD.

Limitations. The limitations of this work include the small sample size and the fact that the study participants from the control sample work at a different enterprise, which does not allow us to exclude the influence of other environmental factors, but allows us to consider them as a reference population.

Conclusion. Thus, we were unable to identify a direct association of the studied genotypes with VD, but the association with peripheral angiodystonic syndrome suggests that these polymorphisms affect the pathogenesis of VD.

Contribution:
Karimov D.D. — data collection and processing, experiments, writing text, editing;
Shaikhlislamova E.R. — concept and design of the study, data collection and processing, experiments, writing text, editing;
Mukhammadieva G.F. — data collection and processing, experiments, writing text, editing;
Kudoyarov E.R. — data collection and processing, experiments, editing;
Valova Ya.V. — data collection and processing, experiments, editing;
Karimov D.O. — concept and design of the study, writing text, editing;

Funding. The study had no sponsorship support.

Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interests.

Received: 09.07.2024 / Accepted: 12.08.2024 / Published: 15.09.2024