Introduction. The increase in life expectancy, a decrease in mortality rates of the working-age population requires the development of a set of priority measures and justification of their effectiveness in the occupational risk management system based on the transition to a personalized assessment of working conditions and the health status of employees.

The study aims to develop a set of priority measures to integrate tools for assessing working conditions and to justify their effectiveness in the occupational risk management system to determine the levels and groups of occupational risks in the workplace, depending on the complex of harmful and/or dangerous factors of the production environment and the labor process and the health status of employees.

Materials and methods. The researchers have conducted the analysis of qualitative and quantitative indicators of occupational risk, including indicators of health disorders of employees. We have analyzed the materials of periodic medical examinations to substantiate the algorithm for the formation of risk groups for the development of occupational diseases. Scientists have performed a cross-epidemiological study to assess the risk of developing chronic general somatic diseases in workers. We have calculated the indicators of the total risk of fatal cardiovascular diseases. Experts have studied the features of the current situation with indicators of occupational morbidity in the Russian Federation.

Results. There are two groups of qualitative and quantitative indicators at the level of state supervision and enterprise, which allow assessing the effectiveness of the risk management system.

Scientists have identified qualitative and quantitative indicators for early detection of violations in the employee's body from the effects of production factors.

We have substantiated the algorithm and criteria for the formation of risk groups for the development of occupational diseases.

Assessment of the risk of developing general somatic diseases in workers with constant exposure to high levels of harmful factors: vibration, severity and labor intensity, showed a high prevalence and increased risk of diseases of the endocrine, musculoskeletal and circulatory systems, as well as a significant increase in these indicators with an increase in work experience in harmful working conditions, which allows us to consider these diseases as production-related diseases. Individuals with endocrine diseases are significantly more likely to have a very high, high and medium overall risk of developing fatal cardiovascular diseases (CVD). With an increase in work experience, the percentage of people at high risk of developing fatal CVD increased. The level of occupational morbidity calculated for the number of employees employed in harmful working conditions is 32% higher than the indicator calculated for all employees of the enterprise.

A similar recalculation of occupational morbidity indicators for individual nosologies also completely changes the picture.

Conclusion. We have substantiated the necessity of transition to a personalized assessment of occupational risk among employees. Researchers have developed proposals for adjusting legislation in order to integrate tools for assessing working conditions and improving the effectiveness of the occupational risk management system.

Ethics. This study did not require the conclusion of the Ethics committee.

Contribution:
Bukhtiyarov I.V. — concept and design of the study, editing;
Kuzmina L.P. — concept and design of the study, editing;
Golovkova N.P. — concept and design of the study, writing the text; editing;
Izmerova N.I. — concept and design of the study, editing;
Leskina L.M. — material collection and processing, statistical data processing, text writing;
Kotova N.I. — collection and processing of material, statistical data processing, text writing;
Sobolev V.P. — statistical data processing.

Funding. The study had no funding.

Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interests.

Received: 22.09.2022 / Accepted: 28.09.2022 / Published: 23.10.2022

Introduction. One of the promising directions of creating fundamentally new submarines’ crews rescue methods is the usage of perfluorocarbon breathing fluids. The last study of liquid ventilation in hyperbaria was published in 1985. The current level of technology development open up new opportunities for the practical implementation of this direction.

To determine further development direction of usage liquid ventilation technology and to understand the place of this technology in existing or prospective systems of assistance and evacuation from emergency submarines, it is necessary to analyze the causes of emergency situations on submarines and the conditions of fight for survivability.

We devoted this study to determining possible scenarios for the use of liquid ventilation technology, as well as its place in the system of assistance and evacuation of crews of emergency submarines.

We have devoted this study to determining possible scenarios for the use of liquid ventilation technology as well as its place in the system of assistance and evacuation of emergency submarines crews.

The study aims to substantiate possible scenarios for the usage of liquid ventilation technology in the rescue of submarine crews in distress from an underwater position.

Materials and methods. The following used materials were: publicly available literature data; regulatory documents defining the procedure for carrying out rescue operations in case of accidents on the submarine; own experimental data. The main research method was generalization and analysis.

Results. The researchers have presented the analysis of literature data on accidents on submarines. There are three typical scenarios of the development of the consequences of accidents, each of which can be characterized by the impact of certain pathological factors on the body. We also have determined the frequency of their occurrence.

The experts have presented the conditions of preliminary stay in the emergency compartment of the submarine, which directly determine the actions of the crew, as well as factors influencing the use of liquid ventilation technology and typical conditions for the use of the latter.

The scientists have determined the conditions of preliminary stay in the emergency compartment of the submarine, which directly determine the actions of the crew, as well as factors influencing the use of liquid ventilation technology, and typical conditions for the use of the latter. The conditions for the use of liquid ventilation technology in case of accidents on the submarine are determined in accordance with possible scenarios.

Conclusion. Methods of evacuation of crews from submarines using liquid ventilation technology can become a significant addition to the existing rescue system, expanding and opening up additional opportunities for rescue operations in conditions in which it is not possible to apply known methods.

Contribution:
Kotsky M.A. — concept and design of the study, data collection and processing, text writing;
Bonitenko E.Yu. — text writing;
Tonshin A.A. — text writing;
Rodchenkova P.V. — editing.

Funding. The study was funded by the Advanced Research Foundation, Moscow, Russian Federation.

Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interests.

Received: 13.09.2022 / Accepted: 30.09.2022 / Published: 23.10.2022

Introduction. The long-term highly toxic effect of fluorides on the body causes the development of production-related pathology of the musculoskeletal system and mineral metabolism in aluminum industry workers. Bone and joint destruction occurring against the background of chronic intoxication has a hereditary component. A molecular genetic study of the generalized form of fluoride osteopathy will allow to establish associations of the BsmI polymorphism of the VDR gene with violations of the architectonics of bone tissue and to determine the need for the use of modern methods of osteological analysis in the early diagnosis of chronic occupational intoxication with fluoride compounds.

The study aims to learn the associative relationship of the degree of change in bone mineral density with the genotypes of the BsmI polymorphism of the VDR gene in aluminum industry workers.

Materials and methods. We have carried out the analysis of the features of the pathogenesis of osteoporosis, osteopenia and osteosclerosis in workers of the main professions of aluminum production with the use of molecular and clinical research methods. Specialists have examined 170 workers with chronic occupational intoxication with fluoride compounds and 57 individuals with individual signs of fluoride exposure to the skeleton. We have completed osteodensitometry by two-energy photon X-ray absorptiometry. Experts conducted a detection of polymorphism 283 A>G (BsmI) VDR by PCR Real Time.

Results. There is a correspondence between the registration of the frequency of genotypes of polymorphism 283 A>G (BsmI) of the vitamin D receptor gene corresponding to the Hardy-Weinberg law (p>0.05). Experts have established significant differences in the frequency distribution of genotypes and alleles in groups in accordance with densitometry data. A decrease in bone mineral density in the area of the distal diaphysis of the femur is associated with the AG VDR genotype. Osteoporosis at the L1–L4 level is associated with GG VDR, the G allele. Carriers of the AA VDR genotype and the A allele are resistant to the development of osteoporosis and osteosclerosis. In the group with a combined form of osteoporosis, the AG VDR genotype prevails.

Limitations. There was a limit on the number of highly skilled workers in the aluminum industry who have been on inpatient treatment in the Research Institute of Complex Hygiene Problems and Occupational Diseases.

Conclusion. We have revealed the association of BsmI polymorphism of the VDR gene with the development of toxic fluoride osteopathy in various parts of the skeleton in the structure of occupational pathology of aluminum industry workers. The GG genotype at the L1–L4 vertebral level is associated with the development of osteoporosis. Researchers have identified a high a high degree of association of the AA genotype with resistance to osteosclerosis. Osteoporosis combined with articular syndrome is associated with the AG genotype, the G allele, which determines violations of the architectonics of long tubular bones. The owners of the A allele are resistant to osteoporosis, are distinguished by a higher bone component of the distal, axial skeleton.

Ethics. Specialists have conducted the survey of aluminum industry workers at the Clinic of the Research Institute of Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases in accordance with the Ethical principles of conducting scientific and medical research with human participation ("Rules of Clinical Practice in the Russian Federation", Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. 266, 2003, Helsinki Declaration of the World Medical Association "Ethical Principles of Scientific medical Research with human participation", 2013). The study was conducted with the written consent of the subjects.

Contribution:
Yadykina T.K. — the concept and design of the study, collection of material, collection and analysis of literature, conducting genetic research, statistical processing, writing the text;
Mikhailova N.N. — editing;
Kochergina T.V. — collection of material;
Zhukova A.G. — conducting genetic research.

Funding. The study had no funding.

Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interests.

Received: 26.04.2022 / Accepted: 26.09.2022 / Published: 23.10.2022

Introduction. Identification of early signs of left ventricular dysfunction even before the development of their clinical manifestations will allow to identify patients at risk of heart failure for its timely prevention.

The study aims to evaluate the structural and functional changes of the left ventricle in workers of the main professions of the aluminum industry.

Material and methods. The study included 87 employees of the main professions of aluminum production — the main group and 69 employees of the Ministry of Emergency Situations — the comparison group. The average age of the main group was 48.49±0.51 years, the comparison group was 47.15±0.57 years (p=0.082). All of them underwent echocardiography according to modern recommendations for the quantitative assessment of the structure and function of the chambers of the heart.

Results. In the main group, we have detected concentric remodeling of the left ventricle in 40% of people with arterial hypertension and in 10.3% with normal blood pressure (p=0.0019), diastolic dysfunction with impaired relaxation of the left ventricle in 73.3% and 43.6%, respectively (p=0.0056). Early echocardiographic indicators of left ventricular systolic dysfunction — GLS, S — had not only significant differences in the main group depending on the presence of hypertension but were also significantly lower in the main group in subjects with normal blood pressure than in the comparison group. In the main group, the researchers have identified a decrease in the longitudinal deformation of the left ventricle in 58.5% of people with arterial hypertension and in 28.2% with normal blood pressure (p=0.0063). In the studied groups without arterial hypertension, we have found a decrease in longitudinal deformation significantly more often in aluminum industry workers (p=0.001).

Limitations. This study is limited to a sample of employees of the main professions of the aluminum industry undergoing periodic medical examination at the Research Institute of Complex Hygiene Problems and Occupational Diseases.

Conclusion. Arterial hypertension in workers of the main professions of the aluminum industry leads to concentric remodeling, reduction of longitudinal deformation and development of diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle. In aluminum production workers without arterial hypertension, the researchers have identified a violation of the systolic function of the left ventricle in the form of a decrease in the longitudinal deformation of the left ventricle and the systolic peak of the mitral ring movement at the level of the interventricular septum and the lateral wall of the left ventricle.

Ethics. We have conducted the study in compliance with the standards of the Bioethical Committee of the Research Institute of Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases, established in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration of the World Association "Ethical Principles of Scientific Medical Research with Human Participation" as amended in 2013 and the "Rules of Clinical Practice in the Russian Federation", approved by Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. 266 dated 06.19.2003. All the subjects signed an informed consent to participate in the study.

Contribution:
Korotenko O.Yu. — concept and design of the study, data collection and processing, collection of literary data, writing the text;
Filimonov E.S. — data collection and processing, writing the text;
Panev N.I. — editing.

Funding. The study had no funding.

Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interests.

Received: 10.07.2022 / Accepted: 14.09.2022 / Published: 23.10.2022

Introduction. The developers of fatigue risk management systems in the workplace note that there is no universal definition and a consistent way to measure workload, and that scientists have not sufficiently studied the relationship between workload and fatigue.

The study aims to analyze the impact of the workload, estimated by the duration of the state of production-related fatigue of workers, on their subjective health and the risk of chronic diseases.

Materials and methods. The study involved employees in three areas of employment: healthcare (697 employees), industry (751), education (687). Experts have determined four indicators of the risk of violation of the subjective health of employees during the year: the presence of chronic fatigue syndrome (R_cfs), deterioration of employee health during the year (R_dh), long-term illnesses during the year (R_li), fatigue accumulation during the year (R_fa). We have analyzed the diseases detected during periodic medical examination. The researchers have calculated the HFweek indicator — the duration of the fatigue state — "hours of fatigue per working week": HF_week (hour) = PRN (hour) × K_df × K_ff, where: PRN (hour) is the actual duration of the working week; Kdf and Kff are coefficients that take into account the degree and frequency of fatigue. We also have calculated the relative risk (RR).

Results. The researchers have found that with more than 25 hours per week in 108 sample groups of workers in 25 cases, RR exceeded the control level by more than 5 times; in 44 comparison groups by 2.1–5 times and in 35 groups by 1.1–2.0 times. 

With a HF_week of more than 25 hours, there is an annual accumulation of fatigue (R_fa), similar in workers of all spheres of employment. At HF_week>15 hours, the RR of chronic diseases of the musculoskeletal, respiratory, nervous systems and skin was in the range of 1.31–1.83. The RR of diseases of the genitourinary system (women) and endocrine system increased by 1.13 times; diseases of hypertension, diseases of the digestive system, visual system RR÷1,05–1,07.

Conclusion. The HFweek indicator is the physiological equivalent of the professional workload of employees in various fields of employment. With HFweek>25 hours, there is a sharp increase in health risks.

Contribution:
Sorokin G.A. — concept and design of the study, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article, collection of literature data, statistical processing, writing the text;
Chistyakov N.D. — collection of observation materials.

Funding. The study had no funding.

Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interests.

Received: 30.09.2022 / Accepted: 03.10.2022 / Published: 23.10.2022

On the basis of a thematic review of studies by foreign and domestic authors, scientists have conducted the analysis of multimorbid manifestations of post-COVID syndrome in workers. We have considered the risk factors of occupational health disorders of workers in the post-COVID period, the problems of returning to work of patients who have undergone COVID-19.

Specialists have presented modern approaches to the examination of the professional suitability of employees, the examination of the connection of COVID-19 with the profession and comprehensive medical rehabilitation in the post-COVID period.

Contribution:
Gorblyansky Yu.Yu. — concept and design of the study, writing the text;
Berezina Z.I. — editing;
Garipova R.V. — writing the text;
Kontorovich E.P. — collection of material, bibliography design;
Ponamareva O.P. — collection of material, bibliography design;
Ramazanova E.R. — collection of material, bibliography design.

Funding. The study had no funding.

Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interests.

Received: 25.05.2022 / Accepted: 13.09.2022 / Published: 23.10.2022

The information, computer and communication technologies (ICT) impact on workers’ health is one of the actual interdisciplinary issues of modern science and practice. Numerous studies and observations have revealed negative impact of ICT on workers’ health. Just in Russia today about 40–45 million people employed in various fields of activity are at the ICT-risk group. The ICT negative impact on human body is manifested through the information technology and communication stressors (TICS). However, this impact’s mechanism requires to be clearer, and scientific results that have been already obtained on this issue should be summarized and evaluated now. The purpose of this research is to study the TICS impact on workers’ health by means of analyzing and systematizing modern researches’ results. The article reviews the scientific literature dealing with a «computer syndrome» and «information fatigue syndrome» which follow prolonged work with a computer, information and communication overloads. The article considers features of the TICS impact on various components of workers’ health. We have found that main sources of the TICS occurrence include direct computer effects (radiation, noise, etc.), stressful conditions of work with information, destructive information content, information pollution and compelled communications. The TICS results include a wide range of functional health disorders and diseases. The article contains analysis of the TICS impact’s mechanism, which can be generally represented by an influence chain: the ICT use → the TICS occurrence → body tension → stress → functional health disorders → exhaustion → burnout → diseases. The research indicates burnout as the most important consequence of the information and communication risks impact, and as widely spreading today to various professional groups of workers. Relationship between the ICT and the burnout is also analyzed. The research’s practical significance is stipulated by a necessity to develop the hygiene of informatized and computerized labor due to increasing in health risks for citizens working with the ICT.

Ethics. The study didn’t require the Ethics Committee resolution.

Funding. The study had no funding.

Conflict of interests. The author declares no conflict of interests.

Received: 19.09.2022 / Accepted: 04.10.2022 / Published: 23.10.2022